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ObjectiveTo compare the effects of different processing methods in ancient and modern times on the chemical components of Lilii Bulbus decoction， and to provide experimental support for the origin processing， decoction piece processing and clinical application of this herb. MethodUltra high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry（UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS） was used for structural identification of the compounds using excimer ions， secondary MS and characteristic fragment ions， and referring to relevant literature and database information. Principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were used to screen the main differential components， the differential components were quantitatively studied by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， in order to compare the types and contents of chemical components in the decoction of different processing products of Lilii Bulbus. ResultA total of 24 chemical components were identified from the decoction of different processed products of Lilii Bulbus， water extract and scalding liquid of fresh Lilii Bulbus， including 17 phenols， 5 saponins and 2 alkaloids. Compared with the fresh Lilii Bulbus decoction， the contents of regaloside A， p-coumaric acid， colchicine and other components in the decoction of dry Lilii Bulbus processed by scalding method decreased， the content of regaloside C in the decoction of dry Lilii Bulbus processed by steaming method decreased， and the contents of regaloside A and regaloside C in the decoction of fresh Lilii Bulbus processed by water immersion also decreased. Compared with the decoction of dry Lilii Bulbus processed by scalding method， the overall content of components in the fresh Lilii Bulbus decoction and the decoction of fresh Lilii Bulbus processed by water immersion was higher， the contents of components in the decoction of dry Lilii Bulbus processed by steaming method was higher， except for the slightly lower content of regaloside C. ConclusionDifferent processing processes have a certain effect on the types and contents of chemical components in Lilii Bulbus decoction. Scalding process is beneficial to the preservation of Lilii Bulbus， but can cause the loss of effective components. Compared with scalding method， steaming method can prevent browning of Lilii Bulbus and reduce the loss of its active ingredients. The processing method of removing foam after overnight immersion proposed by ZHANG Zhongjing may be more conducive to the treatment of Baihe disease， which can provide reference for the clinical rational application and mechanism research of different processed products of Lilii Bulbus.
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OBJECTIVE To optimize the pressurized processing technology of Strychnos nux-vomica boiled with mung beans. METHODS The least squares method was used to establish a one-dimensional model for the effects of four factors， namely， processing time， processing pressure， mung bean dosage and water added， on the contents of strychnine and toxiferine， and the multivariate model hypothesis was proposed by analyzing the function of one-dimensional model. Based on the orthogonal experiment， the genetic algorithm was used to solve the undetermined coefficients in the model. A bi-objective optimization model based on strychnine and toxiferine content was constructed according to the actual conditions， and the optimal technology was obtained by solving the model function and validated. RESULTS The optimal processing technology was boiling S. nux-vomica with mung beans at 2.393 MPa saturated steam pressure for 5.5 h， and then draining； rinsing to remove mung beans， scraping off the bark of S. nux-vomica and cutting into slice of 0.6 mm； using 180 g of mung beans and 15 L of water per 500 g of S. nux- vomica. CONCLUSIONS The optimized pressurized processing technology is stable and feasible， and can provide a reference for the optimization of processing technology of S. nux-vomica boiled with mung beans.
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Objective: To establish HPLC fingerprints of different parts of chicory stems, leaves, roots, flowers and seeds, and compare the similarities and differences of chemical components in different parts, so as to provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of chicory. Methods: To establish the HPLC fingerprint of chicory, the chromatographic column was chosen with Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C
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ObjectiveOn the basis of sensory evaluation， the changes of volatile components in gecko before and after processing were compared， and the odor correction effect of different processing methods of gecko was discussed. MethodRaw products， fried yellow products， vinegar processed products， wine processed products， talcum powder scalding products and white wine sprayed products after scalding talcum powder of gecko were prepared， and 10 odor assessors were invited to evaluate the 6 samples in turn by sensory evaluation. Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （HS-SPME-GC-MS） and relative odor activity value （ROAV） were used to analyze the key odor components， and multivariate statistical methods were used to analyze the difference of volatile components between raw and processed products of gecko. Taking water-soluble extract and protein contents as internal indicators， sensory evaluation score and content ranking of differential components as external indicators， and assigning a weight of 0.25 to them respectively， the comprehensive scores of raw products and processed products of gecko were calculated to evaluate the odor correction effect of each processing method. ResultThe average sensory evaluation scores of the raw products， fried yellow products， vinegar processed products， wine processed products， talcum powder scalding products and white wine sprayed products after scalding talcum powder of gecko were 1.6， 5.2， 6.2， 6.1， 7.2 and 8.0， respectively. ROAV results showed that key components affecting odor of gecko were 2-ethyl-3，5-dimethylpyrazine， isovaleraldehyde， trimethylamine， 1-octen-3-ol， n-octanal， nonanal， 2-methylnaphthalene， γ-octanolide， 2-heptanone and phenol. Principal component analysis （PCA） significantly distinguished raw products from processed products. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） results showed that there were 16， 13， 16， 16， 16 differential components between raw products， fried yellow products， vinegar processed products， wine processed products， talcum powder scalding products and white wine sprayed products after scalding talcum powder of gecko. Among these differential components， there were 4 common components， namely， the contents of different odor components （2-methylnaphthalene and 2-ethyl-p-xylene） decreased， while the contents of different flavor components （2-decanone and 2，3，5-trimethylpyrazine） increased. The comprehensive scoring results showed that the odor correction effect of each processed products was in the order of talcum powder scalding products>wine processed products>vinegar processed products>fried yellow products>white wine sprayed products after scalding talcum powder. ConclusionTalcum powder scalding is a better method to improve the odor of gecko， and it can provide an experimental basis for the processing of gecko to correct the odor.
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OBJECTIVE To establish the fingerprint of Huatan qushi huoxue decoction （HQHD），and to explore the effects of processing and decoction methods on its components. METHODS Using salvianolic acid B as reference ，HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of single and mixed decoction of crude drugs ，single and mixed decoction of processed products （original formula referred to 8 ingredients were crude drugs ；processed formula referred to processed products of Alisma orientale ，Salvia miltiorrhiza ， Curcumae Radix and Bupleuri Radix ，and crude drugs of other ingredients ；single decoction referred to the mixing of each ingredient after being decocted separately ；mixed decoction refers to decocting after mixing all ingredients ）were stablished by Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprints of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2012 edition）. The similarity evaluation，common peak identification and attribution ，chemical pattern recognition analysis were also carried out. RESULTS There were 37 common peaks in each fingerprint of 10 batches of single and mixed decoction of crude drugs ，single and mixed decoction of processed ，the similarities with control fingerprint were higher than or close to 0.950. Nine common peaks were identified，i.e. rutin （peak 12），hesperidin（peak 13），salvianolic acid B （peak 16），quercetin（peak 20），silybin（peak 22）， luteolin（peak 23），autrantio-obtusin（peak 29），23-acetylalismol C （peak 34），saikosaponin b 2（peak 35）；decoction pieces of 8 ingredients all contributed to the fingerprints of HQHD. Principal component analysis （PCA）showed that the 4 kinds of HQHD samples were grouped into one category ，respectively. The clustering result of partial least squares-discriminant analysis was consistent with that of PCA. Corresponding components of peak 1，15，17，18 and 36，salvianolic acid B and luteolin m ay be the differential markers of the quality for mixed decoction samples of crude drugs and processed products ； corresponding components of peak 1，7，17-19，salvianolic acid B and hesperidin may be the differential markers of the quality for single decoction samples of crude drugs and processed products；corresponding components of peak 1，17-19，36， salvianolic acid B and luteolin may be the differential markers of the quality for single decoction and mixed decoction samples of crude drugs ；corresponding components of peak 7，17-19，21， hesperidin，salvianolic acid B ，rutin，luteolin and autrantio-obtusin may be the differential markers of the quality for single decoction and mixed decoction samples of processed products. CONCLUSIONS The established fingerprint of HQHD is stable and reliable. The quality differential components of different decoction samples are luteolin ，hesperidin，etc. The quality differential components of samples processed or not are rutin ，hesperidin，autrantio-obtusin，etc.
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The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway controls intestinal epithelial barrier permeability by regulating tight junctions (TJs) and epithelial cells damage. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and carbon monoxide (CO) protect the intestinal epithelial barrier function, but the molecular mechanism is not yet clarified. MAPK activation and barrier permeability were studied using monolayers of Caco-2 cells treated with tissue necrosis factor α (TNF-α) transfected with FUGW-HO-1 or pLKO.1-sh-HO-1 plasmid. Intestinal mucosal barrier permeability and MAPK activation were also investigated using carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) administration with CoPP (a HO-1 inducer), ZnPP (a HO-1 inhibitor), CO releasing molecule 2 (CORM-2), or inactived-CORM-2-treated wild-type mice and mice with HO-1 deficiency in intestinal epithelial cells. TNF-α increased epithelial TJ disruption and cleaved caspase-3 expression, induced ERK, p38, and JNK phosphorylation. In addition, HO-1 blocked TNF-α-induced increase in epithelial TJs disruption, cleaved caspase-3 expression, as well as ERK, p38, and JNK phosphorylation in an HO-1-dependent manner. CoPP and CORM-2 directly ameliorated intestinal mucosal injury, attenuated TJ disruption and cleaved caspase-3 expression, and inhibited epithelial ERK, p38, and JNK phosphorylation after chronic CCl 4 injection. Conversely, ZnPP completely reversed these effects. Furthermore, mice with intestinal epithelial HO-1 deficient exhibited a robust increase in mucosal TJs disruption, cleaved caspase-3 expression, and MAPKs activation as compared to the control group mice. These data demonstrated that HO-1-dependent MAPK signaling inhibition preserves the intestinal mucosal barrier integrity by abrogating TJ dysregulation and epithelial cell damage. The differential targeting of gut HO-1-MAPK axis leads to improved intestinal disease therapy.
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OBJECTIVE：To compare the difference in the antioxid ant effect of fresh Rehmannia glutinosa ，dried R. glutinosa ， R. glutinosa preparata during ancient characteristic processing and its polysaccharides before and after processing on aging model rats，and to provide reference for the processing of R. glutinosa . METHODS ：The sample of R. glutinosa preparata was prepared according to ancient characteristic method. During the processing ，the fresh and dried R. glutinosa samples were retained. Then crude polysaccharide were extracted from fresh R. glutinosa and Rehmanniae radix preparata by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. Totally 96 rats were divided into blank group （water），model group （water），positive control group [vitamine C ，100 mg/（kg·d）]，fresh R. glutinosa group [ 700 mg/（kg·d）]，dried R. glutinosa group [ 135 mg/（kg·d）] ，Rehmanniae radix preparata group [ 135 mg/（kg·d）]，fresh R. glutinosa polysaccharide group [ 1 400 mg/（kg·d），by the weight of fresh R. glutinosa ] and Rehmanniae radix preparata polysaccharide group mg/（kg·d），by the weight of Rehmanniae radix preparata] ， with 12 rats in each group. Except for blank group ，other 制。E-mail：zhouyan1221@163.com groups were given D-galactose [ 125 mg/（kg·d）] on neck and back to induce sub-acute aging model. At the same time ，they were given relevant medicine in tragastrically，once a day ，for consecutive 56 days. After last admin istration，the liver ，brain，kidney，spleen，heart and thymus indexes were determined. The total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC），superoxide dismutase （SOD）activity，catalase（CAT）activity and MDA content in serum ， liver，brain and kidney were determined. RESULTS ：Compared with blank group ，organ indexes of rats in the model group were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；T-AOC，SOD activity and CAT activity in serum ，brain，liver and kidney tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.01），while MDA content increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ，the organ indexes of brain ，liver and kidney ，SOD activity in serum and kidney of fresh R. glutinosa group were not significantly increased （P＞0.05）；kidney index ，T-AOC in serum and brain ，SOD activity in serum ，liver and kidney tissue were not significantly increased in the dried R. glutinosa group（P＞0.05）；kidney index ，T-AOC in serum and cerebral tissue ，SOD activity in serum were not significantly increased in fresh R. glutinosa group（P＞0.05）；other organ indexes ，T-AOC，SOD activity and CAT activity in serum and tissues were increased significantly in other groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），while MDA content in serum and tissues were decreased significantly in all administration groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with fresh R. glutinosa group，T-AOC in serum was decreased significantly in dried R. glutinosa group（P＜0.01），and there was no significant difference in other indexes （P＞0.05）；kidney and spleen indexes of rats in Rehmanniae radix preparata group were increased significantly （P＜0.05），T-AOC in renal tissue ，SOD activity in serum ，cerebral tissue and renal tissue ，CAT activity in cerebral and liver tissue were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），while MDA in cerebral and liver tissue were significantly decreased （P＜ 0.01）. CAT in cerebral tissue and liver tissue of rats in Rehmanniae radix preparata group were significantly higher than those in positive control group （P＜0.01）. Compared with fresh R. glutinosa polysaccharide group ，spleen and renal indexes of rats in Rehmanniae radix preparata group were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），T-AOC，SOD activity and CAT activity in serum and cerebral ，liver，renal tissues were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. T-AOC and CAT activity of cerebral ， liver and renal tissues in Rehmanniae radix preparata group were all significantly higher than those in positive control group （P＜ 0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：In the aspect of increasing organ index and improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes in serum，cerebral，liver and
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OBJECTIVE：To establis h HPLC fingerprint of Chinese gall leaven ，simultaneous determination of 5 components and optimization of distillers ’grains. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was carried out on Waters Symmetry Shield TM RP18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ trifluoroacetic acid aqueous （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃，and detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. The sample size was 5 µL. Using gallic acid as reference ，HPLC fingerprints of 14 batches of sample were drawn. The similarity evaluation was performed by using Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatogram Fingerprint of TCM （2012 edition）to determine common peaks；SPSS 20.0 software was used for cluster analysis. RESULTS ：There were 11 common peaks in 14 batches of samples ，and the similarity range of 14 batches of samples was 0.424-0.998，A1-A5 was less than 0.850；5 components were identified in B 1-B9 sample，i.e. gallic acid ，（－）-epigallocatechin，methyl gallate ，2，4，6-tri-O-galloyl-α-D-glucose and 2，4，6-tri-O-galloyl- β-D-glucose. The results of cluster analysis showed that 14 batches of samples could be grouped into 3 categories，i.e. A1-A5 into one category，B1 and B 6 into one category ，B2-B5 and B 7-B9 into one category. The linear ranges of above 5 components were 29.96-599.2 μg/mL（r＝0.999 6），0.832-416 μg/mL（r＝0.999 6），0.102-51 μg/mL（r＝0.999 8），0.286 4-143.2 μg/mL（r＝0.999 8）， 0.286 4- 143.2 μg/mL（r＝0.999 8），respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.060，0.104，0.017，0.029，0.057 μg/mL；the limits of detection were 0.018，0.031，0.005，0.009，0.017 μg/mL，respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability，reproducibility and durability tests were all lower than 3％. The recoveries were 97.16％-101.88％（RSD＝1.60％，n＝6），96.98％-99.24％（RSD＝ 0.85％，n＝6），97.7％-101.64％（RSD＝1.54％，n＝6），97.77％-103.08％（RSD＝1.82％，n＝6），98.16％-101.88％（RSD＝1.24％， n＝6），respectively. CONCLUSIONS：The established HPLC fingerprint and cluster analysis can be used to evaluate the quality of Chinese gall leaven. The established method is simple to Δ 基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目（No.2018YFC1707200）；公 operate and can be used to determine the contents of 5 益性行业科研专项项目（No.201507004-03）；河南中医药大学研究生 components simultaneously ；rice husk distillers ’grains were 科研创新基金项目（No.YJS2018B14） ＊硕士研究生 。研究方向 ：中药饮片及新药研究 。E-mail： not suitable for fermented Chinese gall leaven . 401327039@qq.com
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OBJECTIVE：To establish the fingerprint of raw produc ts and different processed products of Pinellia pedatisecta ， to determine the contents of 5 kinds of nucleosides ，and to compare the differences of components between the raw products and processed products. METHODS ：P. pedatisecta raw products ，processed products by Processing Standard of Chinese Medicine in Henan Province （called“Standard processed product ”for short ）and processed products by new integrated processing technology in the production area （called“new integrated processed product ”for short ）were collected as investigation objects （12 batches of each）. The determination was performed on SymmetryShield RP 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile （A）-0.1％ acetic acid aqueous water solution （B）（gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min，with the column temperature of 30 ℃， the detection wavelength of 270 nm，and the injection volume of 15 µL. HPLC fingerprints of 3 kinds of P. pedatisecta samples were established by using Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprints （2004 A version ） ，and the similarity of fingerprints was evaluated. The chromatographic peaks were identified by comparing with the reference chromatogram. Five nucleosides （adenine，hypoxanthine，uridine，xanthine，inosine）were quantitatively analyzed. SPSS 21.0 software was used for cluster analysis of 36 batches of samples. RESULTS ：The results of fingerprint and content determination met the relevant requirements. The similarity of 3 kinds of sample with their control fingerprint were all greater than 0.990. There were 22 common peaks in the raw products of P. pedatisecta ，and 16 common peaks were identified in the 2 kinds of processed products （the same 6 peaks disappeared from 2 kinds of processed products ）. Fivecomponents were identified in 3 kinds of samples ，such as adenine（peak 3），hypoxanthine（peak 7），uridine（peak 8）， 1064056472@qq.com xanthine（peak 9）and inosine （peak 11）. Results of content determination showed that total contents of 5 kinds of nucleosides in 2 kinds of proc essed products were all· decreased；the contents of them in descending order w as raw product ＞new i ntegrated processed products ＞Standard processed products. Results of cluster analysis showed that 36 batches of samples could be clustered into 2 categories，i.e. raw product was clustered into one category and 2 kinds of processed products into other one . CONCLUSIONS ：Established method is stable ， feasible and suitable for the quality evaluation of raw products and different processed products of P. pedatisecta . Fingerprints have changed significantly and the total content of 5 kinds of nucleosides in P. pedatisecta are all decreased after processing ，but that of new integrated processed products is slightly higher than that of Standard processed products .
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OBJECTIVE： To establish the method for simultaneous determination of 4 kinds of flavones such as sutellarin， sutellarein， luteolin and apigenin in Scutellaria barbata decoction pieces， and to conduct principle component analysis. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Agilent ZOXDB-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-acetonitrile （80 ∶ 20，V/V）-1％ acetic acid solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 335 nm， and column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. Principal component analysis was carried out by SPSS 20.0 and SIMCA-P 13.0 software. RESULTS： The linear ranges of sutellarin， sutellarein， luteolin and apigenin were 0.131-1.446 μg（r＝0.999 0）， 0.031-0.345 μg（r＝0.999 7）， 0.005-0.055 μg（r＝0.999 2）， 0.024-0.268 μg（r＝0.999 2）， respectively. The limits of quantitation were 1.178 8， 0.602 9， 0.744 1， 1.079 1 ng； the limits of detection were 0.353 6， 0.106 1， 0.223 2， 0.323 7 ng；RSDs of precision， stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2％. The recoveries were 99.38％-100.56％（RSD＝0.44％，n＝6）， 91.01％-96.81％（RSD＝2.43％， n＝6）， 91.44％-97.34％（RSD＝2.59％， n＝6）， 96.21％- 99.26％（RSD＝1.23％，n＝6）， respectively. By principal component analysis， principal component 1 and prinicipal component 2 were main influential factors of sample， quality accumulative variance contribution rate of them was 92.573％（＞80％）. The comprehensive score of sample S14-3 was the highest， and the overall quality was relatively good； samples S14-2， S14-3 were the second. These 3 batches of sample were processed and produced in S. barbata planting base with stable quality. CONCLUSIONS： Established method is simple and rapid， and can be used for simultaneous determination of 4 kinds of flavones in S. barbata decoction pieces. Principle component analysis can provide reference for the quality control of S. barbata decoction pieces.
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OBJECTIVE： To establish HPLC fingerprints of Paeonia tactilora decoction pieces， and to conduct its cluster analysis and principal component analysis. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on SunFire® C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitril-0.05％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 230 nm， the column temperature was 30 ℃， the collection time was 70 min，and sample size was 15 μL. Using paeoniflorin as reference， HPLC fingerprints of 26 batches P. tactilora decoction pieces from different habitats and 30 batches by different processed methods were established. The similarity of samples was evaluated by TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System （2012 edition） to confirm common peak. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed by using SPSS 20.0 software. RESULTS： There were 9 common peaks in HPLC fingerprints of 26 batches of sample from different habitats， the similarity of which was higher than 0.880. Six peaks were identified， including gallic acid， catechin， albiflorin， paeoniflorin， 1，2，3，4，6-pentagalloylglucose and benzoylpaeoniflorin. Cluster analysis showed that 26 batches of samples were clustered into 2 categories when cosine distance was 15. S1-S21 were clustered into one category； S22-S26 were clustered into the other category. By principal component analysis， the accumulative contribution rate of two main components was 81.124％. There were 10 common peaks in HPLC fingerprints of 30 batches of sample by different processed methods， the simi- larity of which was higher than 0.970. Seven peaks were identified， including gallic acid， catechin， aplopaeonoside， albiflorin， paeoniflorin， 1，2，3，4，6-pentagalloylglucose and benzoylpaeoniflorin. Cluster analysis showed that 30 batches of samples were clustered into 2 categories when cosine distance was 25. B1-B10 were clustered into one category； C1-C10 and J1-J10 were clustered into the other category. By principal component analysis， the accumulative contribution rate of four main components was 86.887％. CONCLUSIONS： Established HPLC fingerprint， the results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis can provide reference for quality control of decoction pieces of P. tactilora.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of retinoic acid related orphan receptor-γt( ROR-γt),interleukin( IL)-17 A and forkhead / winged helix protein 3( Foxp3) mRNA expression and promoter methylation in the process of asthma induced by toluene-diisocyanate( TDI). METHODS: Specific pathogens free grade healthy male BALB / c mice were randomly assigned into asthma group and control group with 18 animals in each group. In the asthma group,the mice were sensitized with 0. 30% TDI( mass-volume concentration) dropped on the dorsum of both ears( 20 μL / ear) on day 1 and day 8. On day 15,the mice were challenged with 20 μL 0. 01% TDI( mass-volume concentration) by the trachea. The control group mice were sensitized and challenged by the same procedures with the same amount of solvent( acetone / olive oil). The mice were challenged 24 hours,the pathological changes of trachea and lung tissues were observed. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid( BALF) from each group was collected,and the inflammatory cells in BALF were counted and classified. IL-4and Interferon-γ( IFN-γ) levels in BALF supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ROR-γt,IL-17 A and Foxp3 mRNA expression in the lung tissue were measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymease chain reaction. The degree of ROR-γt,IL-17 A and Foxp3 promoter methylation in lung issue were detected by Mass Array system.RESULTS: The asthmatic group demonstrated the symptoms of acute asthma,such as breathing deeply and fastly,bowing the back,lifting the forelimbs,et al. But the control group had no such symptoms in mice. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining showed obvious inflammatory lesions in the trachea and lung tissue of asthmatic mice. Compared with the control group,the white blood cell count,the neutrophil and eosinophil percentages in BALF,the IL-4,IFN-γ levels in BALF supernatant in asthma group were all significantly increased( P < 0. 01),meanwhile the lymphocyte and monocyte percentages in BALF were reduced( P < 0. 01); ROR-γt mRNA expression was significantly increased( P < 0. 01),and the degree of promoter methylation from sites 3,4,5,6,8,11 and 12 was significantly reduced( P < 0. 05); IL-17 A mRNA expression was significantly increased( P < 0. 01),and the degree of promoter methylation from sites 6 and 7 was significantly reduced( P < 0. 01); Foxp3 mRNA expression was significantly reduced( P < 0. 01),and the degree of promoter methylation from sites 1 and 10 was significantly increased( P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: Th17 / Treg cell immune imbalance occurs in asthma induced by TDI. ROR-γt,IL-17 A and Foxp3 gene promoter methylation abnormalities may be involved in Th17 / Treg cell immune imbalance.
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Objective To elucidate the experience and attitude of bad news delivery from nurses to advanced cancer patients, in order to offer better nursing care to the dying cancer patients as well as to provide evidence for end-of-life cancer care. Methods A phenomenological research method of qualitative study was employed in this study. Fifteen nurses caring for dying cancer patients were in-depth interviewed with semi-structured interview guide. Colaizzi analytical method was adopted to collect and analyze the data, which was then organized into themes and subthemes. Results Three themes wereconflict between will and behavior barriers of bad news delivery delivery with comprehensive assessment of dying cancer patients. Conclusions Though the oncology nurses thought the dying cancer patients should be told they were dying, few nurses did that. Communication and hope maintenance related to end-of-life cancer care training should be offered to oncology nurses, as well bad news delivery to ensure cancer patients′safety.
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Objective To determine the contents of four effective constituents in Euphorbiae Semen decoction;To provide evidence for Euphorbiae Semen decoction into clinical application. Methods Established quantitative analysis multi-components by single marker method was used to determine the contents of diterpenoids constituents, such as euphorbia storoid, euphorbia factor L2, and euphorbia factor L3. HPLC method was used to determine the contents of aesculetin. Results Contents of euphorbia storoid, euphorbia factor L2, and euphorbia factor L3 in smashed Euphorbiae Semen decoction were 0.015 9%, 0.005 9% and 0.024 1%, respectively. However, the contents of the above three constituents could not be detected in whole Euphorbiae Semen decoction. The content of aesculetin (0.693 6%) in smashed Euphorbiae Semen decoction was more than that in whole Euphorbiae Semen decoction (0.288 2%). Conclusion Decoction digestion effect of diterpenoids constituents in Euphorbiae Semen decoction is not good. Decocting with water is not suitable for the clinical application of Euphorbiae Semen for purgation and diuresis. Aesculetin in smashed Euphorbiae Semen decoction has good decoction digestion effect, in which clinical use for antisepsis and anti-inflammation is effective.
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Objective Determination AFB1 content of Part Seed and fruit Traditional Chinese Medicine by ELISA.Method ELISA.Results Sample were Pollution different degree with AFB1,the content of the mildews were high during storage.Conclusion It is very necessary to establish standard of the AFB1 content.
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Objective: To determine the effects of active constituent of Radix Ranunculi Ternati on immune function of experimental animal.Methods: Immune suppression mouse models were made by cyclophosphamide method.After intragastric administration,the effects of polysaccharide and saponin of Radix Ranunculi Ternati on phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophage,formation of hemolysin and T-lymphocyte population of peripheral blood were observed and compared.Results: These two active constituent can highten the percent and the index of phagocytosis,enhancement the formation of the hemolysin obviously and increase the number of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood.Conclusion: The active part of Radix Ranunculi Ternati can stimulate the immunologic function of immune suppression mouse models.
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Objective:To compare antitumor activity in vivo of Rhizoma Typhonii before and after processing. Methods:To observe the effect of water decoction and ethanol extract from Rhizoma Typhonii before and after processing on the sarcoma grafts and immune organs of S180 mice by using mice transplant tumor model. Results:The results showed that both of the Rhizoma Typhonii and processed Rhizoma Typhonii had antitumor effect,and the former was stronger than the latter. The extract from processed Rhizoma Typhonii can inhance the immune function of mouse at some extent. Compared with control group,the Rhizoma Typhonii before processing had no effect in prolonging the life of tumor-bearing mouse. But,the ethanol extract from processed Rhizoma Typhonii can prolong the life of S180 mouse. Conclusion:Decoction and ethanol extract from Rhizoma Typhonii and processed Rhizoma Typhonii had antitumor effect. Processed Rhizoma Typhonii can enhance immune function and increase in life span on S180 mice,So processed Rhizoma Typhonii should be used in clinical medicine.
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Objective: To compare the in uence of various processing methods on AFB1 content in TCM cut crude drug. Methods: ELISA was used to determine the AFB1 content. Results: Heating processing method can decrease the content of AFB1 in TCM cut crude drug. However, it cannot make AFB1 content meet the scope of security when the AFB1 content in TCM cut crude drug was too high. Various heating processing methods had di erent e ect on the content of AFB1. Conclusion: Heating processing method had certain in uence on the content of AFB1. It was necessary to establish limitation standard of the AFB1 content. The AFB1 content limit in the less oil-bearing fruit TCM cut crude drug shouldn,t be higher than 5?g/kg and in the more oil-bearing seed TCM cut crude drug it shouldn't be higher than 20?g/kg. This was the same limit as the national food standards
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Objective:To explore the pharmacodynamic differences of india madder root before and after charcoal in antiinflammatory,ease pain,promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis and hemostasis function.Methods: The india madder root and india madder root charcoal decoction pieces were processed by the same one operation,then the water decoction of them were given to the mouse by intragastric administration in different dosages.The method of auricle tumefaction was adopted to compare the antiinflammatory function,body wrings was adopted to compare the ease pain function,to compare the hemostasis function of india madder root before and after charcoal by snipping off the mouse’s tail and capillary method.Blood stasis model was made by injecting Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate,then to compare the promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis function of india madder root before and after charcoal of india madder root before and after charcoal.Results: India madder root decoction pieces is more effective than india madder root charcoal decoction pieces in antiinflammatory,ease pain,promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis,but less effective in hemostasis.Conclusion: The function of antiinflammatory,ease pain,promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis of india madder root were less effective after charcoal,but the fuction of hemostasis was more effective.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe serum homocysteine distribution and its associated factors in population of urban and rural areas in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study population was represented by a randomly selected sample with 1 168 subjects, including both males and females aged 35 - 64. The levels of serum homocycteine were compared and the correlation with other risk factors were analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Geometric mean of serum homocycteine was 15.4 micromol/L in males and 12.2 micromol/L in females (P < 0.001). (2) There was a significant difference in homocysteine levels between urban population and rural population. Men from rural area had 1.5 times higher homocyteine than from urban (18.0 micromol/L vs 12.0 micromol/L, P < 0.001), while the rural women had 1.3 times higher homocysteine level than urban women did. (3) The prevalence rate of hyperhomocysteinemia was 15.3% in population aged 35 - 64 in Beijing area. (4) Gender, residential location (urban or rural), smoking and education had independent effects on level of serum homocysteine by multivariate analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Population in Beijing had higher serum level and prevalence rate of homocysteine than some western countries. Gender, geographic distribution, smoking and education had some influence on homocysteine level.</p>